Vocabulary around the house is an situation when we use english for everday in our hole life and we spelled the grammar well. Begin in our daily life at home e.g. with our parents,friends,bro,sister,grandpa,grandma,or maybe with your teachers? then, your neighboor,your lab partner,etc. I don't know how to explain it well, but i would share to you about something I know or just give you an idea foR the bassicly english. make your head stay cool.
Things you may find around the house
* Light bulb(s)
* Plug(s)
* Socket(s)
* Torch(es)
* Ceiling light(s)
* Lamp(s)
* Curtain(s)
* Shelf (shelves)
* Telephone(s)
* Box(es)
* Plug(s)
* Battery (batteries)
* Photo(graph)(s)
Rooms
* Living Room
* Settee(s)
* Armchair(s)
* Coffee table(s)
* Display cabinet(s)
* Hifi stand(s)
* TV cabinet(s)
* Television(s) / tv(s)
* Hifi(s)
* Speaker(s)
* Cushion(s)
* Rug(s)
Things we do in the Living Room
* People watch TV in the living room.
* People sit and read a book in the living room.
* People listen to music in the living room.
Bedroom
* Bed(s)
* Bedside cabinet(s)
* Bedside table(s)
* Dressing table(s)
* Wardrobe(s)
* Chest of drawer(s)
* Brush(es)
* Comb(s)
* Hair dryer(s)
* Pillow(s)
* Sheet(s)
* Clothes
Things we do in the Bed Room
* People listen to music in the bedroom.
* People sleep in the bedroom.
* People get dressed or undressed in the bedroom.
Kitchen
* Table(s)
* Chair(s)
* Bin(s)
* Cooker(s) / oven(s)
* Microwave (oven)(s)
* fridge(s)
* dishwasher(s)
* Tap(s)
* Coffee maker(s)
* Food mixer(s)
* Coffee maker(s)
* Food mixer(s)
* Liquidizer(s)
* Saucepan(s)
* Frying pan(s)
* sieve(s)
* Kettle(s)
* teapot(s)
Things we do in the Kitchen
* People prepare food in the kitchen.
* People cook in the kitchen.
* People sometimes eat in the kitchen.
* People make coffee or tea in the kitchen.
* People put the food away in the kitchen cupboards.
Bathroom
* Chair(s)
* Basin(s)
* Bath(s)
* Toilet(s)
* Toilet roll(s)
* Toilet brush(es)
* hairdryer (hairdryers)
* toothbrush(es)
* Shaving foam razor(s)
* Toilet seat(s)
Things we do in the Bed Room
* People get dressed or undressed in the bathroom.
* People have a shave in the bathroom.
* People brush their teeth in the bathroom.
* People take a shower in the bathroom.
* People have a bath in the bathroom.
Other Rooms:
Attic : People store things in the attic.
Ballroom : A room in stately homes where rich people dance and concerts are held.
Box Room : A small room used for storage.
Cellar : Underneath the house.
Cloakroom : A small room where people put their coats.
Conservatory : A greenhouse attached to a house for the display of plants.
Dining Room : A room where people eat.
Drawing Room : A room in stately homes where rich people entertain.
Games Room : A room in large houses where games are played.
Hall : The entrance passage to a house.
Larder : A small room used for the storage of food.
Library : A room where books are kept.
Lounge : Another name for living room.
Music Room : A room where people play music.
Office : A room where people work.
Pantry : A small room used to store kitchen and dining items.
Parlor : Old fashioned word for living room.
Sitting Room : Another name for living room.
Guest Room : A room where guests sleep.
Toilet : A room where people go to the toilet (often known as WC)
Utility Room : A room where appliances such as washing machines are used.
Sabtu, 25 Februari 2012
Narrative Text
Narrative text is text a text to amuse, entertain and deal with actual or vicarious experience in different ways.
Narrative Generic Structure
ORIENTATION: The first paragraph presents information about the participant of the story. In literary term, the participant is called as character. Orientation commonly introduces information about WHO, WHERE and WHEN.
COMPLICATION: Paragraph two explores the niche of the story. That is conflict among the characters of the story. This conflict will involve physical and psychological conflict. The conflict is actually the heart of any narrative text. It will drive the participant to make effort in solving the crisis.
RESOLUTION: The last paragraph closes the story with solving the crisis. However it can be better or worse.
example :
The Princess and the Pea
Once upon a time there was a prince who wanted to marry a princess; but she would have to be a real princess. He travelled all over the world to find one, but nowhere could he get what he wanted. There were princesses enough, but it was difficult to find out whether they were real ones. There was always something about them that was not as it should be. So he came home again and was sad, for he would have liked very much to have a real princess.
One evening a terrible storm came on; there was thunder and lightning, and the rain poured down in torrents. Suddenly a knocking was heard at the city gate, and the old king went to open it.
It was a princess standing out there in front of the gate. But, good gracious! what a sight the rain and the wind had made her look. The water ran down from her hair and clothes; it ran down into the toes of her shoes and out again at the heels. And yet she said that she was a real princess.
Well, we'll soon find that out, thought the old queen. But she said nothing, went into the bed-room, took all the bedding off the bedstead, and laid a pea on the bottom; then she took twenty mattresses and laid them on the pea, and then twenty eider-down beds on top of the mattresses.
On this the princess had to lie all night. In the morning she was asked how she had slept.
"Oh, very badly!" said she. "I have scarcely closed my eyes all night. Heaven only knows what was in the bed, but I was lying on something hard, so that I am black and blue all over my body. It's horrible!"
Now they knew that she was a real princess because she had felt the pea right through the twenty mattresses and the twenty eider-down beds.
Nobody but a real princess could be as sensitive as that.
So the prince took her for his wife, for now he knew that he had a real princess; and the pea was put in the museum, where it may still be seen, if no one has stolen it.
Narrative Generic Structure
ORIENTATION: The first paragraph presents information about the participant of the story. In literary term, the participant is called as character. Orientation commonly introduces information about WHO, WHERE and WHEN.
COMPLICATION: Paragraph two explores the niche of the story. That is conflict among the characters of the story. This conflict will involve physical and psychological conflict. The conflict is actually the heart of any narrative text. It will drive the participant to make effort in solving the crisis.
RESOLUTION: The last paragraph closes the story with solving the crisis. However it can be better or worse.
example :
The Princess and the Pea
Once upon a time there was a prince who wanted to marry a princess; but she would have to be a real princess. He travelled all over the world to find one, but nowhere could he get what he wanted. There were princesses enough, but it was difficult to find out whether they were real ones. There was always something about them that was not as it should be. So he came home again and was sad, for he would have liked very much to have a real princess.
One evening a terrible storm came on; there was thunder and lightning, and the rain poured down in torrents. Suddenly a knocking was heard at the city gate, and the old king went to open it.
It was a princess standing out there in front of the gate. But, good gracious! what a sight the rain and the wind had made her look. The water ran down from her hair and clothes; it ran down into the toes of her shoes and out again at the heels. And yet she said that she was a real princess.
Well, we'll soon find that out, thought the old queen. But she said nothing, went into the bed-room, took all the bedding off the bedstead, and laid a pea on the bottom; then she took twenty mattresses and laid them on the pea, and then twenty eider-down beds on top of the mattresses.
On this the princess had to lie all night. In the morning she was asked how she had slept.
"Oh, very badly!" said she. "I have scarcely closed my eyes all night. Heaven only knows what was in the bed, but I was lying on something hard, so that I am black and blue all over my body. It's horrible!"
Now they knew that she was a real princess because she had felt the pea right through the twenty mattresses and the twenty eider-down beds.
Nobody but a real princess could be as sensitive as that.
So the prince took her for his wife, for now he knew that he had a real princess; and the pea was put in the museum, where it may still be seen, if no one has stolen it.
Simple Future
Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings. These different meanings might seem too abstract at first, but with time and practice, the differences will become clear. Both "will" and "be going to" refer to a specific time in the future.
FORM Will
[will + verb]
Examples:
* You will help him later.
* Will you help him later?
* You will not help him later.
FORM Be Going To
[am/is/are + going to + verb]
Examples:
* You are going to meet Jane tonight.
* Are you going to meet Jane tonight?
* You are not going to meet Jane tonight.
USE 1 "Will" to Express a Voluntary Action
"Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary action is one the speaker offers to do for someone else. Often, we use "will" to respond to someone else's complaint or request for help. We also use "will" when we request that someone help us or volunteer to do something for us. Similarly, we use "will not" or "won't" when we refuse to voluntarily do something.
Examples:
* I will send you the information when I get it.
* I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.
* Will you help me move this heavy table?
* Will you make dinner?
* I will not do your homework for you.
* I won't do all the housework myself!
* A: I'm really hungry.
B: I'll make some sandwiches.
* A: I'm so tired. I'm about to fall asleep.
B: I'll get you some coffee.
* A: The phone is ringing.
B: I'll get it.
USE 2 "Will" to Express a Promise
"Will" is usually used in promises.
Examples:
* I will call you when I arrive.
* If I am elected President of the United States, I will make sure everyone has access to inexpensive health insurance.
* I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.
* Don't worry, I'll be careful.
* I won't tell anyone your secret.
USE 3 "Be going to" to Express a Plan
"Be going to" expresses that something is a plan. It expresses the idea that a person intends to do something in the future. It does not matter whether the plan is realistic or not.
Examples:
* He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii.
* She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii.
* A: When are we going to meet each other tonight?
B: We are going to meet at 6 PM.
* I'm going to be an actor when I grow up.
* Michelle is going to begin medical school next year.
* They are going to drive all the way to Alaska.
* Who are you going to invite to the party?
* A: Who is going to make John's birthday cake?
B: Sue is going to make John's birthday cake.
USE 4 "Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a Prediction
Both "will" and "be going to" can express the idea of a general prediction about the future. Predictions are guesses about what might happen in the future. In "prediction" sentences, the subject usually has little control over the future and therefore USES 1-3 do not apply. In the following examples, there is no difference in meaning.
Examples:
* The year 2222 will be a very interesting year.
* The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year.
* John Smith will be the next President.
* John Smith is going to be the next President.
* The movie "Zenith" will win several Academy Awards.
* The movie "Zenith" is going to win several Academy Awards.
IMPORTANT
In the Simple Future, it is not always clear which USE the speaker has in mind. Often, there is more than one way to interpret a sentence's meaning.
No Future in Time Clauses
Like all future forms, the Simple Future cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of Simple Future, Simple Present is used.
Examples:
* When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Not Correct
* When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Correct
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
* You will never help him.
* Will you ever help him?
* You are never going to meet Jane.
* Are you ever going to meet Jane?
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:
* John will finish the work by 5:00 PM. Active
* The work will be finished by 5:00 PM. Passive
* Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight. Active
* A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight. Passive
FORM Will
[will + verb]
Examples:
* You will help him later.
* Will you help him later?
* You will not help him later.
FORM Be Going To
[am/is/are + going to + verb]
Examples:
* You are going to meet Jane tonight.
* Are you going to meet Jane tonight?
* You are not going to meet Jane tonight.
USE 1 "Will" to Express a Voluntary Action
"Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary action is one the speaker offers to do for someone else. Often, we use "will" to respond to someone else's complaint or request for help. We also use "will" when we request that someone help us or volunteer to do something for us. Similarly, we use "will not" or "won't" when we refuse to voluntarily do something.
Examples:
* I will send you the information when I get it.
* I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.
* Will you help me move this heavy table?
* Will you make dinner?
* I will not do your homework for you.
* I won't do all the housework myself!
* A: I'm really hungry.
B: I'll make some sandwiches.
* A: I'm so tired. I'm about to fall asleep.
B: I'll get you some coffee.
* A: The phone is ringing.
B: I'll get it.
USE 2 "Will" to Express a Promise
"Will" is usually used in promises.
Examples:
* I will call you when I arrive.
* If I am elected President of the United States, I will make sure everyone has access to inexpensive health insurance.
* I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.
* Don't worry, I'll be careful.
* I won't tell anyone your secret.
USE 3 "Be going to" to Express a Plan
"Be going to" expresses that something is a plan. It expresses the idea that a person intends to do something in the future. It does not matter whether the plan is realistic or not.
Examples:
* He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii.
* She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii.
* A: When are we going to meet each other tonight?
B: We are going to meet at 6 PM.
* I'm going to be an actor when I grow up.
* Michelle is going to begin medical school next year.
* They are going to drive all the way to Alaska.
* Who are you going to invite to the party?
* A: Who is going to make John's birthday cake?
B: Sue is going to make John's birthday cake.
USE 4 "Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a Prediction
Both "will" and "be going to" can express the idea of a general prediction about the future. Predictions are guesses about what might happen in the future. In "prediction" sentences, the subject usually has little control over the future and therefore USES 1-3 do not apply. In the following examples, there is no difference in meaning.
Examples:
* The year 2222 will be a very interesting year.
* The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year.
* John Smith will be the next President.
* John Smith is going to be the next President.
* The movie "Zenith" will win several Academy Awards.
* The movie "Zenith" is going to win several Academy Awards.
IMPORTANT
In the Simple Future, it is not always clear which USE the speaker has in mind. Often, there is more than one way to interpret a sentence's meaning.
No Future in Time Clauses
Like all future forms, the Simple Future cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of Simple Future, Simple Present is used.
Examples:
* When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Not Correct
* When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Correct
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
* You will never help him.
* Will you ever help him?
* You are never going to meet Jane.
* Are you ever going to meet Jane?
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:
* John will finish the work by 5:00 PM. Active
* The work will be finished by 5:00 PM. Passive
* Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight. Active
* A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight. Passive
Modal in the past form
Modals in the past are :
- Could.
- Might.
- Would.
- Should.
The formula of Modals in the past form :
1. COULD + VERB BASE.
Ø To offer Suggestion or Possibilities.
Example :
Cika : “I’m having trouble with math.”
Riko : “Why you don’t ask Kiki? Perhaps she could help you.”
Ø To indicate that ability existed in the past but doesn’t exist now.
Example :
Santi : “Nik, can you climb the mango tree?”
Niko : “Well, I could climb the mango tree when I was so young, but I think I’m too heavy to climb it.”
2. WOULD + VERB BASE.
Ø For an action that was repeated regulary in the past.
Example :
Ani : “What did you do on holidays?”
Risma : “I would visit my grandparents and my other family in the village, but how not anymore.”
Ø Insert rather into the pattern and use this expression to express preferences.
Example :
Jerry : “What would you rather do in weekend, go to the party or stay at home?”
Lita : “I would rather stay at home than go to the party.”
Ø To express polite request.
Example :
Mr. Willy : “Would you mind posting the letter?
Reva : “No, not at all.”
3. SHOULD + VERB BASE.
Ø To give definite advice.
Example :
Mother : “Neva, you should study tonight. You will have math test tomorrow, won’t you?”
Neva : “I will, Mom.
4. MIGHT + VERB BASE.
Ø To tell possibilities
Example :
Dina : “Why is Riko taking the bus to get home?”
Rita : “He might get a flat time.”
Ø To express polite request.
Example :
Dimas : “Might I borrow your book?” Vera : “Yes, of course.”
- Could.
- Might.
- Would.
- Should.
The formula of Modals in the past form :
1. COULD + VERB BASE.
Ø To offer Suggestion or Possibilities.
Example :
Cika : “I’m having trouble with math.”
Riko : “Why you don’t ask Kiki? Perhaps she could help you.”
Ø To indicate that ability existed in the past but doesn’t exist now.
Example :
Santi : “Nik, can you climb the mango tree?”
Niko : “Well, I could climb the mango tree when I was so young, but I think I’m too heavy to climb it.”
2. WOULD + VERB BASE.
Ø For an action that was repeated regulary in the past.
Example :
Ani : “What did you do on holidays?”
Risma : “I would visit my grandparents and my other family in the village, but how not anymore.”
Ø Insert rather into the pattern and use this expression to express preferences.
Example :
Jerry : “What would you rather do in weekend, go to the party or stay at home?”
Lita : “I would rather stay at home than go to the party.”
Ø To express polite request.
Example :
Mr. Willy : “Would you mind posting the letter?
Reva : “No, not at all.”
3. SHOULD + VERB BASE.
Ø To give definite advice.
Example :
Mother : “Neva, you should study tonight. You will have math test tomorrow, won’t you?”
Neva : “I will, Mom.
4. MIGHT + VERB BASE.
Ø To tell possibilities
Example :
Dina : “Why is Riko taking the bus to get home?”
Rita : “He might get a flat time.”
Ø To express polite request.
Example :
Dimas : “Might I borrow your book?” Vera : “Yes, of course.”
Offering
Offering may refer to:
* Offering, a collection of donations during religious worship, see alms, tithe or charity
* Offering, a religious sacrifice of plant, animal or human life
* Offering (Buddhism), a part of devotional practice
* Securities offering, a discrete round of investment, usually regulated in the United States by the Securities Act of 1933
The expression of “ Would you like....”is normally used for offering something to someone.
E Example :
Karina : Would you like a cup of tea, Mrs. Rita ?
Mrs. Rita : Yes, please. Thank you. Hmmm...this tea tastes good....and smells fragrant too.......
Karina : Thank you. I’m glad you like it.
* Ways to say it
* * Would you like a cup of coffee, Mr. Green?
* Should I get you a bottle of water?
* Could I offer you a glass of milk, Mr. Tarno?
* Would you care some salad?
* Offering to friends:
* * Want some?
* Have some?
* Chocolate?
* Grab some for yourself
* Less formal expressions:
* * Would you like to have a pancake?
* Why don't you have some lemonade?
* What can I get for you?
* What will you have?
* Declining an offering
* * No, thanks.
* No, really won't, thanks
* Not for me, thanks.
* Accepting an offering:
* * Thank you.
* Yes, please
* I'd like it very much
* That would be very nice
* Offering, a collection of donations during religious worship, see alms, tithe or charity
* Offering, a religious sacrifice of plant, animal or human life
* Offering (Buddhism), a part of devotional practice
* Securities offering, a discrete round of investment, usually regulated in the United States by the Securities Act of 1933
The expression of “ Would you like....”is normally used for offering something to someone.
E Example :
Karina : Would you like a cup of tea, Mrs. Rita ?
Mrs. Rita : Yes, please. Thank you. Hmmm...this tea tastes good....and smells fragrant too.......
Karina : Thank you. I’m glad you like it.
* Ways to say it
* * Would you like a cup of coffee, Mr. Green?
* Should I get you a bottle of water?
* Could I offer you a glass of milk, Mr. Tarno?
* Would you care some salad?
* Offering to friends:
* * Want some?
* Have some?
* Chocolate?
* Grab some for yourself
* Less formal expressions:
* * Would you like to have a pancake?
* Why don't you have some lemonade?
* What can I get for you?
* What will you have?
* Declining an offering
* * No, thanks.
* No, really won't, thanks
* Not for me, thanks.
* Accepting an offering:
* * Thank you.
* Yes, please
* I'd like it very much
* That would be very nice
Gratitude, Compliment, and Congratulation
Gratitude
Gratitude is an expression that we show or say to express grateful feeling to other people, when speaking English, you say “thanks” very often please say “thank you” when people give you something and give you compliment, etc.
Kinds of gratitude expressions are :
- Thank you very much
- Thank you for you help
- I’m really very grateful to you
- You’re welcome
- Don’t mention it
- I want to express my gratitude to (my teacher, my father, etc)
Respond of expressing :
-You are welcome
-Don't mention it
-It was nothing at all
-No problem
- I am glad I could help
• Compliment
Compliment is an expression that we show or say to express/give praise. Some people use compliment to “butter up” somebody or to flatter in order to increase good will, for example :
- On his/her general appearance
- If you notice something new about the person’s appearance
- When you visit someone’s house for the first time
- When other people do their best
Kinds of compliment expressions are :
- What a nice dress!
- You look great
- I really must express my admiration for you dance
- Excellent!
- Nice work
- Good Job
• Congratulation
Congratulation is an expression that we use the give the congratulation utterance when he/she succeeds in doing something
Kinds of Congratulations are :
- Congratulation
- Congratulations
- Congratulations on your succeeds
- Happy Birthday
- Merry Christmas
- Happy New Your
- Happy Valentine
- Happy Anniversary
A. Giving The Congratulation
- Let me congratulate you
- Good
- That’s great!
- How fortunate
- Pretty Good
B. Replying To The Congratulations
- Thank You
- Thank, I needed that
- That’s very kind of you
C. Surprising
- Oh, it was very interesting! I want to the sea world
- It was fun! Went out with my classmate
WRITE THIS DIALOG :
Elsha : Happy Birthday, Vina Wish you all the best
Vina : Thank you very much, Sha. Would you like to come to my home to celebrate my birthday party tonight?
Elsha : Thank you, but I’m very busy tonight.
Vina : Oh okay no problem.
Gratitude is an expression that we show or say to express grateful feeling to other people, when speaking English, you say “thanks” very often please say “thank you” when people give you something and give you compliment, etc.
Kinds of gratitude expressions are :
- Thank you very much
- Thank you for you help
- I’m really very grateful to you
- You’re welcome
- Don’t mention it
- I want to express my gratitude to (my teacher, my father, etc)
Respond of expressing :
-You are welcome
-Don't mention it
-It was nothing at all
-No problem
- I am glad I could help
• Compliment
Compliment is an expression that we show or say to express/give praise. Some people use compliment to “butter up” somebody or to flatter in order to increase good will, for example :
- On his/her general appearance
- If you notice something new about the person’s appearance
- When you visit someone’s house for the first time
- When other people do their best
Kinds of compliment expressions are :
- What a nice dress!
- You look great
- I really must express my admiration for you dance
- Excellent!
- Nice work
- Good Job
• Congratulation
Congratulation is an expression that we use the give the congratulation utterance when he/she succeeds in doing something
Kinds of Congratulations are :
- Congratulation
- Congratulations
- Congratulations on your succeeds
- Happy Birthday
- Merry Christmas
- Happy New Your
- Happy Valentine
- Happy Anniversary
A. Giving The Congratulation
- Let me congratulate you
- Good
- That’s great!
- How fortunate
- Pretty Good
B. Replying To The Congratulations
- Thank You
- Thank, I needed that
- That’s very kind of you
C. Surprising
- Oh, it was very interesting! I want to the sea world
- It was fun! Went out with my classmate
WRITE THIS DIALOG :
Elsha : Happy Birthday, Vina Wish you all the best
Vina : Thank you very much, Sha. Would you like to come to my home to celebrate my birthday party tonight?
Elsha : Thank you, but I’m very busy tonight.
Vina : Oh okay no problem.
Direct Indirect Speech
Direct speech
Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between inverted commas ("....") and there is no change in these words. We may be reporting something that's being said NOW (for example a telephone conversation), or telling someone later about a previous conversation
Examples:
She says "What time will you be home?"
She said "What time will you be home?"
and I said "I don't know! "
"There's a fly in my soup!" screamed Simone.
John said, "There's an elephant outside the window."
Indirect Speech (Reported Speech)
Indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words. Inverted commas are not used.
She said, "I saw him." She said that she had seen him.
a. 'That' may be omitted:
She told him that she was happy.
She told him she was happy.
b. 'Say' and 'tell':
Use 'say' when there is no indirect object:
He said that he was tired.
Always use 'tell' when you say who was being spoken to (i.e. with an indirect object):
He told me that he was tired.
'Talk' and 'speak' are used:
- to describe the action of communicating:
He talked to us.
She was speaking on the telephone.
- with 'about' to refer to what was said:
He talked (to us) about his parents.
REPORTED SPEECH
HOPES, INTENTIONS, PROMISES
When we report an intention, hope or promise, we use an appropriate reporting verb followed by a that-clause or a to-infinitive:
"I'll pay you the money tomorrow."
He promised to pay me the money the next day.
He promised that he would pay me the money the next day.
Other verbs used in this pattern include:
hope, propose, threaten, guarantee, swear.
Examples:
a. "I'll be back by lunchtime."
He promised to be back by lunchtime.
He promised that he would be back by lunchtime.
b. "We should arrive in London before nightfall."
They hoped to arrive in London before nightfall.
They hoped they would arrive in London before nightfall.
c. "Give me the keys to the safe or I'll shoot you!"
He threatened to shoot me if I didn't give him the keys to the safe.
He threatened that he would shoot me if I didn't give him the keys to the safe.
REPORTED SPEECH
ORDERS, REQUESTS, SUGGESTIONS
1. When we want to report an order or request, we can use a verb like 'tell' with a to-clause.
Examples:
He told me to go away.
The pattern is verb + indirect object + to-clause.
(The indirect object is the person spoken to.)
Other verbs used to report orders and requests in this way are: command, order, warn, ask, advise, invite, beg, teach, forbid.
Examples:
a. The doctor said to me, "Stop smoking!".
The doctor told me to stop smoking.
b. "Get out of the car!" said the policeman.
The policeman ordered him to get out of the car.
c. "Could you please be quiet," she said.
She asked me to be quiet.
d. The man with the gun said to us, "Don't move!"
The man with the gun warned us not to move.
(See also section on Verbs followed by infinitive and Verbs followed by gerund)
2. Requests for objects are reported using the pattern
ask + for + object: Examples:
a. "Can I have an apple?", she asked. She asked for an apple.
b. "Can I have the newspaper, please?"
He asked for the newspaper.
c. "May I have a glass of water?" he said.
He asked for a glass of water.
d. "Sugar, please."
She asked for the sugar.
e. "Could I have three kilos of onions?"
He asked for three kilos of onions.
3. Suggestions are usually reported with a that-clause. 'That' and 'should' are optional in these clauses:
She said: "Why don't you get a mechanic to look at the car?" She suggested that I should get a mechanic to look at the car. OR She suggested I get a mechanic to look at the car.
Other reporting verbs used in this way are: insist, recommend, demand, request, propose.
Examples:
a. "It would be a good idea to see the dentist", said my mother. My mother suggested I see the dentist.
b. The dentist said, "I think you should use a different toothbrush". The dentist recommended that I should use a different toothbrush.
c. My manager said, "I think we should examine the budget carefully at this meeting." My manager proposed that we examine the budget carefully at the meeting.
d. "Why don't you sleep overnight at my house?" she said. She suggested that I sleep overnight at her house.
Notes:
Suggest can also be followed by a gerund: I suggested postponing the visit to the dentist.
REPORTED SPEECH
QUESTIONS
1. Normal word order is used in reported questions, that is, the subject comes before the verb, and it is not necessary to use 'do' or 'did':
"Where does Peter live?" She asked him where Peter lived.
2. Yes / no questions: This type of question is reported by using 'ask' + 'if / whether + clause:
a. "Do you speak English?" He asked me if I spoke English.
b. "Are you British or American?" He asked me whether I was British or American.
c. "Is it raining?" She asked if it was raining.
d. "Have you got a computer?" He wanted to know whether I had a computer.
e. "Can you type?" She asked if I could type.
f. "Did you come by train?" He enquired whether I had come by train.
g. "Have you been to Bristol before?" She asked if I had been to Bristol before.
3. Question words:
This type of question is reported by using 'ask' (or another verb like 'ask') + question word + clause. The clause contains the question, in normal word order and with the necessary tense change.
Examples:
a. "What is your name?" he asked me. He asked me what my name was.
b. "How old is your mother?", he asked. He asked how old her mother was.
c. The mouse said to the elephant, "Where do you live?" The mouse asked the elephant where she lived.
d. "What time does the train arrive?" she asked. She asked what time the train arrived.
e. "When can we have dinner?" she asked. She asked when they could have dinner.
f. The elephant said to the mouse, "Why are you so small?" The elephant asked the mouse why she was so small.
Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between inverted commas ("....") and there is no change in these words. We may be reporting something that's being said NOW (for example a telephone conversation), or telling someone later about a previous conversation
Examples:
She says "What time will you be home?"
She said "What time will you be home?"
and I said "I don't know! "
"There's a fly in my soup!" screamed Simone.
John said, "There's an elephant outside the window."
Indirect Speech (Reported Speech)
Indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words. Inverted commas are not used.
She said, "I saw him." She said that she had seen him.
a. 'That' may be omitted:
She told him that she was happy.
She told him she was happy.
b. 'Say' and 'tell':
Use 'say' when there is no indirect object:
He said that he was tired.
Always use 'tell' when you say who was being spoken to (i.e. with an indirect object):
He told me that he was tired.
'Talk' and 'speak' are used:
- to describe the action of communicating:
He talked to us.
She was speaking on the telephone.
- with 'about' to refer to what was said:
He talked (to us) about his parents.
REPORTED SPEECH
HOPES, INTENTIONS, PROMISES
When we report an intention, hope or promise, we use an appropriate reporting verb followed by a that-clause or a to-infinitive:
"I'll pay you the money tomorrow."
He promised to pay me the money the next day.
He promised that he would pay me the money the next day.
Other verbs used in this pattern include:
hope, propose, threaten, guarantee, swear.
Examples:
a. "I'll be back by lunchtime."
He promised to be back by lunchtime.
He promised that he would be back by lunchtime.
b. "We should arrive in London before nightfall."
They hoped to arrive in London before nightfall.
They hoped they would arrive in London before nightfall.
c. "Give me the keys to the safe or I'll shoot you!"
He threatened to shoot me if I didn't give him the keys to the safe.
He threatened that he would shoot me if I didn't give him the keys to the safe.
REPORTED SPEECH
ORDERS, REQUESTS, SUGGESTIONS
1. When we want to report an order or request, we can use a verb like 'tell' with a to-clause.
Examples:
He told me to go away.
The pattern is verb + indirect object + to-clause.
(The indirect object is the person spoken to.)
Other verbs used to report orders and requests in this way are: command, order, warn, ask, advise, invite, beg, teach, forbid.
Examples:
a. The doctor said to me, "Stop smoking!".
The doctor told me to stop smoking.
b. "Get out of the car!" said the policeman.
The policeman ordered him to get out of the car.
c. "Could you please be quiet," she said.
She asked me to be quiet.
d. The man with the gun said to us, "Don't move!"
The man with the gun warned us not to move.
(See also section on Verbs followed by infinitive and Verbs followed by gerund)
2. Requests for objects are reported using the pattern
ask + for + object: Examples:
a. "Can I have an apple?", she asked. She asked for an apple.
b. "Can I have the newspaper, please?"
He asked for the newspaper.
c. "May I have a glass of water?" he said.
He asked for a glass of water.
d. "Sugar, please."
She asked for the sugar.
e. "Could I have three kilos of onions?"
He asked for three kilos of onions.
3. Suggestions are usually reported with a that-clause. 'That' and 'should' are optional in these clauses:
She said: "Why don't you get a mechanic to look at the car?" She suggested that I should get a mechanic to look at the car. OR She suggested I get a mechanic to look at the car.
Other reporting verbs used in this way are: insist, recommend, demand, request, propose.
Examples:
a. "It would be a good idea to see the dentist", said my mother. My mother suggested I see the dentist.
b. The dentist said, "I think you should use a different toothbrush". The dentist recommended that I should use a different toothbrush.
c. My manager said, "I think we should examine the budget carefully at this meeting." My manager proposed that we examine the budget carefully at the meeting.
d. "Why don't you sleep overnight at my house?" she said. She suggested that I sleep overnight at her house.
Notes:
Suggest can also be followed by a gerund: I suggested postponing the visit to the dentist.
REPORTED SPEECH
QUESTIONS
1. Normal word order is used in reported questions, that is, the subject comes before the verb, and it is not necessary to use 'do' or 'did':
"Where does Peter live?" She asked him where Peter lived.
2. Yes / no questions: This type of question is reported by using 'ask' + 'if / whether + clause:
a. "Do you speak English?" He asked me if I spoke English.
b. "Are you British or American?" He asked me whether I was British or American.
c. "Is it raining?" She asked if it was raining.
d. "Have you got a computer?" He wanted to know whether I had a computer.
e. "Can you type?" She asked if I could type.
f. "Did you come by train?" He enquired whether I had come by train.
g. "Have you been to Bristol before?" She asked if I had been to Bristol before.
3. Question words:
This type of question is reported by using 'ask' (or another verb like 'ask') + question word + clause. The clause contains the question, in normal word order and with the necessary tense change.
Examples:
a. "What is your name?" he asked me. He asked me what my name was.
b. "How old is your mother?", he asked. He asked how old her mother was.
c. The mouse said to the elephant, "Where do you live?" The mouse asked the elephant where she lived.
d. "What time does the train arrive?" she asked. She asked what time the train arrived.
e. "When can we have dinner?" she asked. She asked when they could have dinner.
f. The elephant said to the mouse, "Why are you so small?" The elephant asked the mouse why she was so small.
Greetings
Greetings is customary or ritualized words or phrases used to introduce oneself or to greet someone.
• Greetings can be expressed both audibly and physically, and often involve a
combination of the two.
• Greetings are often, but not always, used just prior to a conversation.
In English, some common verbal greetings are :
Hi (say it when you meet with a person. Usually used in an informal situation).
Hello (say it when you meet a person).
How do you do? (say it when you greet a person for the first time).
How are you.
I’m glad to meet you.
I’m happy to meet you.
I’m pleased to meet you.
It’s nice to meet you.
It’s good to meet you.
It’s great to meet you.
Good morning (00.00am – 12.00am).
Good afternoon (12.00pm – 15.00pm).
Good evening (16.00pm – 24.00pm).
Good day.
God night.
Good bye (say it when you are leaving).
Responding to initial greetings are :
Hi.
Hello.
I’m very well.
I’m fine.
I’m glad to meet you too.
I’m happy to meet you too.
I’m pleased to meet you too.
It’s nice to meet you too.
It’s good to meet you too.
It’s great to meet you too.
Good morning.
Good afternoon.
Good evening.
Good day.
Good night.
• Greetings can be expressed both audibly and physically, and often involve a
combination of the two.
• Greetings are often, but not always, used just prior to a conversation.
In English, some common verbal greetings are :
Hi (say it when you meet with a person. Usually used in an informal situation).
Hello (say it when you meet a person).
How do you do? (say it when you greet a person for the first time).
How are you.
I’m glad to meet you.
I’m happy to meet you.
I’m pleased to meet you.
It’s nice to meet you.
It’s good to meet you.
It’s great to meet you.
Good morning (00.00am – 12.00am).
Good afternoon (12.00pm – 15.00pm).
Good evening (16.00pm – 24.00pm).
Good day.
God night.
Good bye (say it when you are leaving).
Responding to initial greetings are :
Hi.
Hello.
I’m very well.
I’m fine.
I’m glad to meet you too.
I’m happy to meet you too.
I’m pleased to meet you too.
It’s nice to meet you too.
It’s good to meet you too.
It’s great to meet you too.
Good morning.
Good afternoon.
Good evening.
Good day.
Good night.
Asking if Someone Remembers or Not
Now, We will learn about Asking if Someone Remembers or Not
- I’m afraid I forget.
- I really can’t remember.
- I’m afraid I have no memory of him
- Emmm, let me think. No, it’s gone.
- Sorry, it slipped off my mind.
Example :
It was Sunday morning, Tia got dressed and had breakfast quickly. She was ready to leave for school. Her mother was a little puzzled.
Mother : Hey...hey.... are you going to school?
Tia : Yes, Mom. I overslept. I’m in a hurry
Mother : You remember Sunday, don’t you?
Tia : Oh, my goodness. I thought it’s a school day !
- Formal expressions:
- I wonder if you remember.....
- You remember...., don’t you?
- You haven’t forgotten...., have you?
- Don’t you remember.....?
- Do you happen to remember it now?
- You remember...., don’t you?
- You haven’t forgotten...., have you?
- Don’t you remember.....?
- Do you happen to remember it now?
- Ways to respond:
- Let me think, yes, I remember.
- I remember especially the scenery.
- I’ll never forget that
- I’ll always remember.
- I can remember it clearly.
2. Informal expressions:
- Remember the old house we used to live in?
- Remember that?
- I’m sorry I don’t remember
- I remember especially the scenery.
- I’ll never forget that
- I’ll always remember.
- I can remember it clearly.
2. Informal expressions:
- Remember the old house we used to live in?
- Remember that?
- I’m sorry I don’t remember
- Ways to respond:
- Hold on. Yes, got it!
- I know.....
- It’s coming back to me now.
- I know.....
- It’s coming back to me now.
- Respond if you forget:
- I’m afraid I forget.
- I really can’t remember.
- I’m afraid I have no memory of him
- Emmm, let me think. No, it’s gone.
- Sorry, it slipped off my mind.
Example :
It was Sunday morning, Tia got dressed and had breakfast quickly. She was ready to leave for school. Her mother was a little puzzled.
Mother : Hey...hey.... are you going to school?
Tia : Yes, Mom. I overslept. I’m in a hurry
Mother : You remember Sunday, don’t you?
Tia : Oh, my goodness. I thought it’s a school day !
Invitation ( written )
Are you ready to learn
about Invitation ( written ) ?
Invitation is a way to invite someone or more to go to a place or to do something.
There are two types of invitation.
They are Formal Invitation and Informal Invitation.
They are Formal Invitation and Informal Invitation.
- Formal invitation is usually originate from Institutes, Companies and a kind of it. Normally formal invitation is written invitation.
- Informal invitation is personal invitation given to a friend, family, etc. Informal invitation can be written invitation and verbal invitation.
- How to Write An Invitation?
Step 1
Before you write an invitation, decide on the tone, voice and level of formality, based on the event itself. This will dictate whether you hand-write the cards or have them printed, and whether you choose A preprinted or personalized invitation.
Step 2
Choose the type of invite you want, and order or buy a few more than you think you'll need. This will permit you to add some guests to your list at the last minute, if necessary. For small parties, you may want to hand-write the invitations on stationery or blank cards. For large gatherings, consider ordering printed invitations.
Step 3
Determine the wording of your invite based on the level of formality. For example, a formal invitation might say, 'Dr. and Mrs. Stanley request the pleasure of your company,' whereas a more casual note might say, 'Please join us.'
Step 4
Include the names of the host and/or hostess, as well as the place (with street address), time, date and purpose of the occasion, even if it's a simple get-together.
Step 5
Make sure to add RSVP information at the bottom of the invite if you need to know who will be attending; for example, 'RSVP' followed by your telephone number.
R.S.V.P. which means "please reply.“The person sending the invitation would like you to tell him or her whether you accept or decline the invitation. That is, will you be coming to the event or not?
Step 6
Include a respond-by date on a formal invitation so you can get an accurate head count in time to adjust the amount of food, number of place settings and room size. For a wedding, charity function or other formal event, consider including a response card and a stamped, self-addressed envelope inside the envelope containing your invite.
Step 7
Mail invitations three weeks before most events, four weeks before a formal affair and three months before a wedding, to allow for airline reservations. For events held during the December holidays, send invitations around Thanksgiving.
Example :
Extending Invitation :
- Let’s go to the Keroncong Festival!
- Please try to come!
- I hope you’ll join us!
- If you are not busy, pleased come to my party!
- Shall we see the film?
- I would like to invite you come to my house!
Accepting Invitation :
- Great! Let’s do it!
- Thank you. I’d like to!
- That’s a good idea!
- That would be very nice!
- Thank you for invitation!
Declining /refusing Invitation :
- I’m really sorry about that.
- Sorry. I can’t. I have to do something.
- I’d love to. But I can’t.
- Sorry. I really busy.
(If you declining an invitation, please give a reason)
Extending Invitation :
- Let’s go to the Keroncong Festival!
- Please try to come!
- I hope you’ll join us!
- If you are not busy, pleased come to my party!
- Shall we see the film?
- I would like to invite you come to my house!
Accepting Invitation :
- Great! Let’s do it!
- Thank you. I’d like to!
- That’s a good idea!
- That would be very nice!
- Thank you for invitation!
Declining /refusing Invitation :
- I’m really sorry about that.
- Sorry. I can’t. I have to do something.
- I’d love to. But I can’t.
- Sorry. I really busy.
(If you declining an invitation, please give a reason)
Announcement:
Preposition In, On, At
Guys, we use in for nonspecific times during a day, a month, a season or a year.
Example :
Teachers always start their work in the morning.
In the dry season, farmers often use water pumps to water their fields.
And then, we us on to designate days and dates.
Example :
Do you usually have a hoisting flag ceremony on Mondays ?
Weekend is on Sunday.
Next, we use at to designate specific times.
The rain stopped at 9 a.m.
We arrived at Diponegoro’s street at 10:30 a.m.
Example :
Teachers always start their work in the morning.
In the dry season, farmers often use water pumps to water their fields.
And then, we us on to designate days and dates.
Example :
Do you usually have a hoisting flag ceremony on Mondays ?
Weekend is on Sunday.
Next, we use at to designate specific times.
The rain stopped at 9 a.m.
We arrived at Diponegoro’s street at 10:30 a.m.
Passive voice
Passive voice is sentence that used when the focus or not know and however, who or what performing the action.
General Formula :
to be + V3 (Past participle)
- Formula active present tense :
1. Simple : S + V1 + O
Example : Elena writes a letter
2. Continuous : S + is/am/are-ing
Example : Elena is writing a letter
3. Perfect : S + have/has + V3
Example : Elena has written a letter
4. Perfect Continuous : S + have/has + been + V-ing
Example : Ratu has been writing a letter
- Formula passive present tense :
1. Simple : S + is / am / are / + V3
Example : a letter is written by Elena
2. Continuous : S + is/am/are + being + V3
Example : a latter is being written by Elena
3. Perfect : S + have/has + been + V3
Example : a letter has been written by Elena
4. Perfect Continuous : S + have/has + been + V3
Example : a letter has been being written by Elena
- Formula active past tense :
1. Simple : S + V2 + O
Example : Elena wrote a letter
2. Continuous : S + was/were + V-ing
Example : Elena was writing a letter
3. Perfect : S + have/has + V3
Example : Elena has written a latter
4. Perfect Continuous : S + had+ been + V-ing
Example : Elena had been writing a letter
- Formula passive past tense :
1. Simple : S + was/were + V3
2. Continuous : S + was/were + being + V3
3. Perfect : S + has + been + V3
4. Perfect Continuous : S + had + been + being + V3
Sentence that used modals :
1) Active : We can solve the problem
Passive : The problem can solve
2) Active : They may open the hotel next year
Passive : The hotel may be opened next year
Kalimat dengan Complement atau Sub-Clause
1) Active : It is said that he is 108 year old
Passive : He is said to be old years old
2) Active : It is reported that two people were killed in the explosion
Passive : Two people are reported to have been killed in the explosion.
General Formula :
to be + V3 (Past participle)
- Formula active present tense :
1. Simple : S + V1 + O
Example : Elena writes a letter
2. Continuous : S + is/am/are-ing
Example : Elena is writing a letter
3. Perfect : S + have/has + V3
Example : Elena has written a letter
4. Perfect Continuous : S + have/has + been + V-ing
Example : Ratu has been writing a letter
- Formula passive present tense :
1. Simple : S + is / am / are / + V3
Example : a letter is written by Elena
2. Continuous : S + is/am/are + being + V3
Example : a latter is being written by Elena
3. Perfect : S + have/has + been + V3
Example : a letter has been written by Elena
4. Perfect Continuous : S + have/has + been + V3
Example : a letter has been being written by Elena
- Formula active past tense :
1. Simple : S + V2 + O
Example : Elena wrote a letter
2. Continuous : S + was/were + V-ing
Example : Elena was writing a letter
3. Perfect : S + have/has + V3
Example : Elena has written a latter
4. Perfect Continuous : S + had+ been + V-ing
Example : Elena had been writing a letter
- Formula passive past tense :
1. Simple : S + was/were + V3
2. Continuous : S + was/were + being + V3
3. Perfect : S + has + been + V3
4. Perfect Continuous : S + had + been + being + V3
Sentence that used modals :
1) Active : We can solve the problem
Passive : The problem can solve
2) Active : They may open the hotel next year
Passive : The hotel may be opened next year
Kalimat dengan Complement atau Sub-Clause
1) Active : It is said that he is 108 year old
Passive : He is said to be old years old
2) Active : It is reported that two people were killed in the explosion
Passive : Two people are reported to have been killed in the explosion.
Finite Verbs
Finite verbs is a verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the rules and categories of languages in which it occurs.
Finite verb can form independent clause, which stand by their own as complete sentence.
A sentence life thanks for your help. Has a nintergection where could have a subject and a finite verb form. The finite forms of a verb are the forms where the verb show tense, person, or singular/plural.
Example :
I go to school
She writes a note
They buy a lot of candies
Non-finite verb is a verb are the forms where the verb don’t show tense or person.
Finite verb can form independent clause, which stand by their own as complete sentence.
A sentence life thanks for your help. Has a nintergection where could have a subject and a finite verb form. The finite forms of a verb are the forms where the verb show tense, person, or singular/plural.
Example :
I go to school
She writes a note
They buy a lot of candies
Non-finite verb is a verb are the forms where the verb don’t show tense or person.
Noun phrase
What is noun phrase? Do you know guys? Yeah, noun phrase are formed by a noun or pronoun and any modifiers, compelemnts, or determiners.
Example :
The most beautiful ring
The greatest King
An ugly cat
A lovely jacket
The determinative, that constituent which determines the reference of the noun phrase in its situational.
The premodification, which comprises all modifying or describing constituents before the head, other than the determiners.
The head, around which the other constituents cluster.
The structure of Noun Phrase:
Noun phrase : pre-modifiers + noun
Noun phrase : noun + post-modifier
Noun phrase : pre-modifiers + noun + post-modifier
Example :
The most beautiful ring
The greatest King
An ugly cat
A lovely jacket
The determinative, that constituent which determines the reference of the noun phrase in its situational.
The premodification, which comprises all modifying or describing constituents before the head, other than the determiners.
The head, around which the other constituents cluster.
The structure of Noun Phrase:
Noun phrase : pre-modifiers + noun
Noun phrase : noun + post-modifier
Noun phrase : pre-modifiers + noun + post-modifier
Asking for information
kita mungkin sering bertanya pada orang, tapi masih belum bisa sepenuhnya memakainyanya saat berbicara dengan bahasa inggris.liat deh disini,
just look here,
Asking for information
There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English. Here are some of the most common:
• Could you tell me...?
• Do you know...?
• Do you happen to know...?
• I'd like to know...
• Could you find out...?
• I'm interested in...
• I'm looking for..
This contruction asking for information
Construction
Formula Question Word Example Finish
Could you tell me when the next train leaves?
Do you know how much that vase costs?
Do you happen to know where Tom lives?
I'd like to know what you think about the new project.
Could you tell me when the next train leaves?
Could you find out when she is going to arrive?
Formula Gerund (-ing) Example Finish
I'm interested in buying a boat
Formula
Noun Example Finish
I'm looking for
information on holidays in Spain.
Formula used only on the telphone Question Word Example Finish
I'm calling to find out... if flight AZ098 will leave on time today.
Formula used only on the telphone Noun Example Finish
I'm calling about... the offer published in today's newspaper.
That this usage and examples of her dialogue asked, slightly different from the above construction.
1.question
[intransitive and transitive] to speak or write to someone in order to get an answer, information, or a solution:
'What's your name?' she asked.
Don't ask him - he won't know.
That kid's always asking awkward questions.
ask who/what/where etc
I asked him where he lived.
ask somebody something
We'll have to ask someone the way to the station.
ask somebody if/whether
Go and ask Tom whether he's coming tonight.
ask (somebody) about something
Visitors usually ask about the history of the castle.
ask around (=ask in a lot of places or ask a lot of people)
I'll ask around, see if I can find you a place to stay.
2.for help/advice etc
[intransitive and transitive] to make a request for help, advice, information etc:
If you need anything, you only have to ask.
ask somebody to do something
Ask John to mail those letters tomorrow.
ask to do something
Karen asked to see the doctor.
ask for
Some people find it difficult to ask for help.
ask somebody for something
He repeatedly asked Bailey for the report.
ask (somebody) if/whether you can do something
Ask your mom if you can come with us.
ask that
Was it too much to ask that he be allowed some privacy?
3.price
[transitive] to want a particular amount of money for something you are selling:
How much is he asking?
ask $50/$1,000 etc for something
He's asking £2,000 for his car.
They're asking a fortune for that house.
4.invite
[transitive usually + adverb/preposition] to invite someone to your home, to go out with you etc
ask somebody to do something
Let's ask them to have dinner with us some time.
ask somebody out (=ask someone, especially someone of the opposite sex, to go to a film, a restaurant etc with you)
Jerry's too scared to ask her out.
ask somebody in (=invite someone into your house, office etc)
Don't leave them standing on the doorstep - ask them in!
ask somebody over/round (=invite someone to come to your home)
We must ask our new neighbours over for a drink.
5.demand
[transitive] if you ask something of someone, you want them to do it for you:
It would be better if he cooperated, but perhaps I'm asking too much.
ask something of somebody
You have no right to ask anything of me.
Expecting the children to do an hour's homework after school is asking a lot of them.
6.be asking for trouble
to do something that is very likely to have a bad effect or result:
Saying that to a feminist is just asking for trouble.
7.ask yourself something
to think carefully and honestly about something:
You have to ask yourself where your responsibilities really lie.
8 spoken if you ask me
used to emphasize your own opinion:
He's just plain crazy, if you ask me.
9 spoken don't ask me
used to say you do not know the answer to something:
'Where's she gone then?' 'Don't ask me!'
10 spoken don't ask
used to say that something is too embarrassing or strange to explain:
'What was that woman selling?' 'Don't ask.'
11 spoken be asking for it
used to say that someone deserves something bad that happens to them:
It's his own fault he got hit - he was asking for it.
12 be somebody's for the asking
informal if something is yours for the asking, you can have it if you want it:
The job was hers for the asking.
Asking for information
There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English. Here are some of the most common:
• Could you tell me...?
• Do you know...?
• Do you happen to know...?
• I'd like to know...
• Could you find out...?
• I'm interested in...
• I'm looking for..
This contruction asking for information
Construction
Formula Question Word Example Finish
Could you tell me when the next train leaves?
Do you know how much that vase costs?
Do you happen to know where Tom lives?
I'd like to know what you think about the new project.
Could you tell me when the next train leaves?
Could you find out when she is going to arrive?
Formula Gerund (-ing) Example Finish
I'm interested in buying a boat
Formula
Noun Example Finish
I'm looking for
information on holidays in Spain.
Formula used only on the telphone Question Word Example Finish
I'm calling to find out... if flight AZ098 will leave on time today.
Formula used only on the telphone Noun Example Finish
I'm calling about... the offer published in today's newspaper.
That this usage and examples of her dialogue asked, slightly different from the above construction.
1.question
[intransitive and transitive] to speak or write to someone in order to get an answer, information, or a solution:
'What's your name?' she asked.
Don't ask him - he won't know.
That kid's always asking awkward questions.
ask who/what/where etc
I asked him where he lived.
ask somebody something
We'll have to ask someone the way to the station.
ask somebody if/whether
Go and ask Tom whether he's coming tonight.
ask (somebody) about something
Visitors usually ask about the history of the castle.
ask around (=ask in a lot of places or ask a lot of people)
I'll ask around, see if I can find you a place to stay.
2.for help/advice etc
[intransitive and transitive] to make a request for help, advice, information etc:
If you need anything, you only have to ask.
ask somebody to do something
Ask John to mail those letters tomorrow.
ask to do something
Karen asked to see the doctor.
ask for
Some people find it difficult to ask for help.
ask somebody for something
He repeatedly asked Bailey for the report.
ask (somebody) if/whether you can do something
Ask your mom if you can come with us.
ask that
Was it too much to ask that he be allowed some privacy?
3.price
[transitive] to want a particular amount of money for something you are selling:
How much is he asking?
ask $50/$1,000 etc for something
He's asking £2,000 for his car.
They're asking a fortune for that house.
4.invite
[transitive usually + adverb/preposition] to invite someone to your home, to go out with you etc
ask somebody to do something
Let's ask them to have dinner with us some time.
ask somebody out (=ask someone, especially someone of the opposite sex, to go to a film, a restaurant etc with you)
Jerry's too scared to ask her out.
ask somebody in (=invite someone into your house, office etc)
Don't leave them standing on the doorstep - ask them in!
ask somebody over/round (=invite someone to come to your home)
We must ask our new neighbours over for a drink.
5.demand
[transitive] if you ask something of someone, you want them to do it for you:
It would be better if he cooperated, but perhaps I'm asking too much.
ask something of somebody
You have no right to ask anything of me.
Expecting the children to do an hour's homework after school is asking a lot of them.
6.be asking for trouble
to do something that is very likely to have a bad effect or result:
Saying that to a feminist is just asking for trouble.
7.ask yourself something
to think carefully and honestly about something:
You have to ask yourself where your responsibilities really lie.
8 spoken if you ask me
used to emphasize your own opinion:
He's just plain crazy, if you ask me.
9 spoken don't ask me
used to say you do not know the answer to something:
'Where's she gone then?' 'Don't ask me!'
10 spoken don't ask
used to say that something is too embarrassing or strange to explain:
'What was that woman selling?' 'Don't ask.'
11 spoken be asking for it
used to say that someone deserves something bad that happens to them:
It's his own fault he got hit - he was asking for it.
12 be somebody's for the asking
informal if something is yours for the asking, you can have it if you want it:
The job was hers for the asking.
NEWS ITEM
NEWS ITEM
News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important.
Generic structure of news item :
1. Newsworthy events
2. Backround events
3. Source
The text above is anews item in written form. It’s purpose is to inform the readers about event of the day which are considered newswort or important. The structure of this text type is :
1. Newsworthy event(s) : recont(s) the event(s) in a summary form.
2. Backround events : elaborate what happened, to whom, in what circumstances.
3. Source : comments by participant, in witness to and autorities expert on the event.
Language feature of news item
1. Using action verbs
2. Using saying verbs
3. Using passive sentence
• There are some rules that an help to make newspaper headlines more comprehensible.
• The passive voice is used without the appropriate from of ‘’be’’.
• It is unusual to find complex fprms, generally the simple prent form id used.
• The present progressive tense is used, usually to describe something that is changing or developing, but the auxiliary verb is usually left out.
• To refer to the future, headlines often use the infinitive.
• Headlines are not alwasy complete sentences.
News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important.
Generic structure of news item :
1. Newsworthy events
2. Backround events
3. Source
The text above is anews item in written form. It’s purpose is to inform the readers about event of the day which are considered newswort or important. The structure of this text type is :
1. Newsworthy event(s) : recont(s) the event(s) in a summary form.
2. Backround events : elaborate what happened, to whom, in what circumstances.
3. Source : comments by participant, in witness to and autorities expert on the event.
Language feature of news item
1. Using action verbs
2. Using saying verbs
3. Using passive sentence
• There are some rules that an help to make newspaper headlines more comprehensible.
• The passive voice is used without the appropriate from of ‘’be’’.
• It is unusual to find complex fprms, generally the simple prent form id used.
• The present progressive tense is used, usually to describe something that is changing or developing, but the auxiliary verb is usually left out.
• To refer to the future, headlines often use the infinitive.
• Headlines are not alwasy complete sentences.
Descriptive text.
Descriptive text
Descriptive text is available for a screen reader device to audibly describe a graph or map so a visually impaired user can understand the graphical information . Or to describe the characteristic of particular Person, thing , or place .
Descriptive text is available for a screen reader device to audibly describe a graph or map so a visually impaired user can understand the graphical information . Or to describe the characteristic of particular Person, thing , or place .
Minggu, 19 Februari 2012
Invitation
Invitation is way to invite someone or more to go to a place or to do something.
Inviting Someong :
- I would like to invite you to come to my house
- If you are not busy, please try to come to my office
- Will you come to my party on Saturday night ?
- Shall we see the film ?
Accepting an Invitation :
- Great ! Let's do it.
- Thank you. I'd like to
- That's a good idea
- That would be very nice
Declining an invitation :
- I'm really sorry about that.
- Sorry. I can't. I have to do something.
- I'd love to. But I can't.
Inviting Someong :
- I would like to invite you to come to my house
- If you are not busy, please try to come to my office
- Will you come to my party on Saturday night ?
- Shall we see the film ?
Accepting an Invitation :
- Great ! Let's do it.
- Thank you. I'd like to
- That's a good idea
- That would be very nice
Declining an invitation :
- I'm really sorry about that.
- Sorry. I can't. I have to do something.
- I'd love to. But I can't.
Advertisement
The Function of Advertisement:
Promotion
Communication
Information
Media to showing the Advertisement:
By Radio
By Television
By Newspaper
By Magazine
Pamflet
Kind of Advertisement:
Family Advertisement
Announcement Advertisement
Invitation Advertisement
Article Advertisement
Sponsor Advertisement
Keep the following points to make an Advertisement:
The content of advertisement must objective and honest.
Short and clear.
Doesn’t allude other group of procedure.
Use word that polite and logica.
Attract atteion.
Language of Advertisement:
Using the correct or suitable words.
Using the interesting and suggestive expression.
Using positive expression.
Text of the advertisement should be directed to the goals.
Gaining Attention
Gaining Attention is an expression or the way to gain attention for someone. I you want to gain attention for someone, you can use :
Attention, please
Excuse me
Look here
Listen to me, please
Waiter ?
Response :
Wow, really ?
I'm listening
Wow that's true / great
Example dialogues :
Ina : Look here ! I see a big oreng utan .
Lisa : Wow, that's true ! It's very big.
Attention, please
Excuse me
Look here
Listen to me, please
Waiter ?
Response :
Wow, really ?
I'm listening
Wow that's true / great
Example dialogues :
Ina : Look here ! I see a big oreng utan .
Lisa : Wow, that's true ! It's very big.
Past Perfect Tense: PPT
Past perfect tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an Action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed of finished certain time in the past too; or past perfect tense is used to Express an Action or an event that had happened before that other event or action happened.
The Pattern:
(+) S + Had + V3.
(-) S + Had + Not + V3.
(?) Had + S + V3?
Ex:
(+) They had gone when she called me.
(-) They had not gone when she called me.
(?) Had they gone when she called me?
Present Perfect Tense is used for describing a past action’s effect on the present: He has arrived. Now he is here. This holds true for events that have just been secluded as well as for events that have not yet occurred.
The Pattern:
(+) S + Have/has + V3.
(-) S+ Have/has + Not + V3.
(?) Have/has + S + v3?
Ex:
(+) He has eaten your bread.
(-) He has not eaten your bread.
(?) Has he eaten your bread?
The Pattern:
(+) S + Had + V3.
(-) S + Had + Not + V3.
(?) Had + S + V3?
Ex:
(+) They had gone when she called me.
(-) They had not gone when she called me.
(?) Had they gone when she called me?
Present Perfect Tense is used for describing a past action’s effect on the present: He has arrived. Now he is here. This holds true for events that have just been secluded as well as for events that have not yet occurred.
The Pattern:
(+) S + Have/has + V3.
(-) S+ Have/has + Not + V3.
(?) Have/has + S + v3?
Ex:
(+) He has eaten your bread.
(-) He has not eaten your bread.
(?) Has he eaten your bread?
Prepositional Phrase
A prepositional phrase is a preposition the noun following it. The prepositional is in the head position and the noun is the complement position.
*Preposition + noun, pronoun, gerund, or clause.
Ex : at door.
*Preposition + modifier (s) + noun, pronoun, gerund, or claused.
Ex : from grandmother.
In the weedy, overgrow garden.
“In” is preposition.
“The weedy” is modifier.
“Overgrow garden” is noun.
*Preposition + noun, pronoun, gerund, or clause.
Ex : at door.
*Preposition + modifier (s) + noun, pronoun, gerund, or claused.
Ex : from grandmother.
In the weedy, overgrow garden.
“In” is preposition.
“The weedy” is modifier.
“Overgrow garden” is noun.
Present Tense
The present tense is used to express habits, general truth instructions or direction, fixed arrangement, etc.
~ Verbal Sentences.
(+) S + V1 (-s/-es) + Object.
(-) S + do/does + not + V1 + Object.
(?) Do/does + S + V1 + Object + ?
~ Non Verbal Sentences.
(+) S + to be + noun / adjective / adverb.
(-) S + to be + not + noun / adjective / adverb.
(?) To be + S + noun / adjective / adverb + ?
Adverb of time:
Always Every
Never Often
Seldom Usually
Sometime Once / Twice etc
Examples:
(+) You are a teacher.
(-) You are not a teacher.
(?) Are you a teacher?
SYMPATY EXPRESSION
Definition
Sympathy expression is an expression or feeling of pity and sorrow when we know and see someone or people are unlucky or have trouble and in bad condition. By expressing sympathy we want to show our concern of carefullness on other people's condition. Showing sympathy
* I'm sorryfor what's happened
* Oh you, poor little thing
* Look ! This not the end of the world
* (oh, dear) I am sorry (to hear that)
* That's a pity/shame
* You must be very upset
* Oh, no!
* I know how it feels !
The example about sympathy expression :
Kissa : Sherly, are you okay ?
Sherly : Oh, no Kissa ! Now, I don't have father !Why must my father ?
Kissa : Oh. .I'm sorry to hear that. But, this not the end of the world. You must be strong!
Sherly : Thank you, Kissa. You are my best friend!
Sympathy expression is an expression or feeling of pity and sorrow when we know and see someone or people are unlucky or have trouble and in bad condition. By expressing sympathy we want to show our concern of carefullness on other people's condition. Showing sympathy
* I'm sorryfor what's happened
* Oh you, poor little thing
* Look ! This not the end of the world
* (oh, dear) I am sorry (to hear that)
* That's a pity/shame
* You must be very upset
* Oh, no!
* I know how it feels !
The example about sympathy expression :
Kissa : Sherly, are you okay ?
Sherly : Oh, no Kissa ! Now, I don't have father !Why must my father ?
Kissa : Oh. .I'm sorry to hear that. But, this not the end of the world. You must be strong!
Sherly : Thank you, Kissa. You are my best friend!
GREETING
Definition : Greetings is a very common expression s to say that we meet people or we want to be nice with them. Formal Greetings
- Good morning (until about lunch time, before 12 a.m)
- Good afternoon (12-6 p.m)
- Good evening (until about 9 p.m)
- Good morning Sir, Ma'am,
Notes : Do not use "Good Bye" except in Australia.
Informal Greetings
- Hi, Shanty !
- Morning, Tom !
- Hello..
Initial Greetings
- How are you ? I'm fine thank you.
- How's it doing ?
- How are you doing ?
- How's life ?
Responding to initial greetings
- Very well, thank you. And you ?
- I'm good/okay/alright
- Oh, pretty good
- Not too bad, thanks
- Fine, thanks
- Excellent
- Good morning (until about lunch time, before 12 a.m)
- Good afternoon (12-6 p.m)
- Good evening (until about 9 p.m)
- Good morning Sir, Ma'am,
Notes : Do not use "Good Bye" except in Australia.
Informal Greetings
- Hi, Shanty !
- Morning, Tom !
- Hello..
Initial Greetings
- How are you ? I'm fine thank you.
- How's it doing ?
- How are you doing ?
- How's life ?
Responding to initial greetings
- Very well, thank you. And you ?
- I'm good/okay/alright
- Oh, pretty good
- Not too bad, thanks
- Fine, thanks
- Excellent
Vocabs: Parts of Body and Shapes
Part of Body
The Body → Tubuh
1.Hair → Rambut
2.Head → Kepala
3.Neck → Leher
4.Throat → Tenggorokan
5.Shoulder → Bahu
6.Chest → Dada
7.Back → Punggung
8.Waist → Pinggung
9.Stomach/Tummy → Perut
10.Hip → Pinggul
11.Bottom → Pantat
12.Armpit → Ketiak
13.Arm → Lengan
14.Upper arm → Lengan Atas
15.Elbow → Siku
16.Forearm → Lengan Bawah
17.Wrist → Pergelangan Tangan
18.Fist → Kepalan Tangan
19.Hand → Tanagn
20.Palm → Tapak Tangan
21.Thumb → Ibu Jari
22.Finger → Jari Tangan
23.Nail → Kuku
24.Leg → Kaki
25.Thigh → Paha
26.Knee → Lutut
27.Calf → Betis
28.Ankle → Pergelangan Kaki
29.Foot → Kaki
30.Heel → Tumit
31.Instep → Kura-Kura Kaki
32.Sole → Tapak Kaki
33.Toes → Jari Kaki
The Skeleton → Rangka Manusia
1.Skull → Tengkorak
2.Collar-bone → Tulang Selangka
3.Shoulder-blade → Tulang Belikat
4.Ribs → Tulang Rusuk
5.Backbone/Spine → Tulang Belakang / Punggung
6.Breastbone → Tulang dada
7.Hip-bone/Pelvis → Tulang pinggul
8.Kneecap → Tulang Tempurung Kepala
The Face → Wajah / Muka
1.Eye → Mata
2.Noise → Hidung
3.Ear → Telinga
4.Mouth → Mulut
5.Cheek → Pipi
6.Chin → Dagu
7.Temple → Pelipis
8.Forehead/Brow → Dahi/Kenig
9.Jaw → Rahang
10.Moustache → Kumis
11.Beard → Janggut
12.Tooth → Gigi
13.Lip → Bibir
14.Tongue → Lidah
THE EYE → MATA
1.Eyeball → Bola Mata
2.Eyebrow → Alis Mata
3.Eyelid → Kelopak Mata
4.Eyelashes → Bulu Mata
5.Pupil → Manik Mata
6.Iris → Selaput Pelangi
THE INSIDES → ORGAN DALAM
1.Brain → Otak
2.Windpipe → Batang Tenggorokan
3.Heart → Jantung
4.Lung → Paru-Paru
5.Liver → Hati
6.Kidney → Ginjal
7.Intestines → Usus
8.Bladder → Kandung Kemis
9.Vein → Pembuluh Balik
10.Artery → Pembuluh Nadi
11.Muscle → Otot
SHAPES
*) Simple Straight Sided Shapes
Example : Rectangle (Persegi Panjang), Square (Persegi), Triangle (Segitiga).
*) Simple Rounded Shapes
Example : Circle (Lingkaran), Oval (Oval/Lonjong).
*) Types of Triangle
Example : Equilateral Triangle (Segitiga Sama Kaki), Isosceles Triangle (Segitiga Sama Sisi), Rightangled Triangle (Segitiga Siku-Siku).
*) 3D Shapes
Example : Cone (Kerucut), Cube (Kubus), Cylinder (Tabung), Pyramid (Limas), Rectangular (Balok), Prism (Prisma), Sphere (Bola).
*) Mathematical Shapes
Example ; Parallelogram (Jajargenjang), Pentagon-5 sides (Segi 5), Hexagon-6 sides (Segi 6), Octagen-8 sides (Segi 8).
*) Miscellaneous Shapes
Example ; Coffin, Diamond (Belah Ketupat), Heart (Hati), Kite (Layang-layang), Petal, Shell (Kerang/Tiram), Star (Bintang), Teardrop.
PROCEDURE TEXT
Procedure text is a text that desingned to describe how something is achieved trough a sequence of actions or steps...
Generic structure :
- AM or Goal = something to achieve.
- Materials = The things needed to achieve the goal.
- Steps = The activities to achieve the goal.
The Characteristics :
Generic structure :
- AM or Goal = something to achieve.
- Materials = The things needed to achieve the goal.
- Steps = The activities to achieve the goal.
The Characteristics :
- Using the simple presents tense, and imperative sentences...
- Using relative pronoun tenporal...
- Using action verb...
RECOUNT TEXT
Definition
Recount text is a text that is used to retell events for the purpose of informing of entertaining.
The generic structure of recount text are :
* Orientation (it gives the reader the background information needed to understand the text such as who was involved, where it happened, when it happened)
* Events (a series of events, ordered in a chronological sequence)
* Re-orientation (restates the writer's opinion or personal comment of the writer on the incedent)
The significant lexicogrammatical features :
* Use of simple past tense
* Use of temporal conjunction (when, after, before, next, later, then)
* Use of personal pronouns (I,we) and nouns
* Use of adverbs (place, manner, time)
The example of recount text :
A Tour to The Botanic Garden
On Thursday 24 April, Year Eight students went to the Botanic Gardens. We walked down and got into the bus.
After we arrived at the gardens, we walked down to the Education Centre. We went to have a look around. First we went to the Orchid Farm and Mrs. Rita read us some of the information. Then we looked at all the lovely plants. After that we went down to a little spot in the Botanic Gardens and had morning tea.Next we took some pictures and then we went back to the Education Centre to have lunch. After that we went for a walk.
A lady took us around and introduced herself, then she explained what we were going to do. Next she took us in to the green house. It was most interesting.After we had finished we went back outside. Finally we got into the bus and returned to school. We were tired but happy.
Recount text is a text that is used to retell events for the purpose of informing of entertaining.
The generic structure of recount text are :
* Orientation (it gives the reader the background information needed to understand the text such as who was involved, where it happened, when it happened)
* Events (a series of events, ordered in a chronological sequence)
* Re-orientation (restates the writer's opinion or personal comment of the writer on the incedent)
The significant lexicogrammatical features :
* Use of simple past tense
* Use of temporal conjunction (when, after, before, next, later, then)
* Use of personal pronouns (I,we) and nouns
* Use of adverbs (place, manner, time)
The example of recount text :
A Tour to The Botanic Garden
On Thursday 24 April, Year Eight students went to the Botanic Gardens. We walked down and got into the bus.
After we arrived at the gardens, we walked down to the Education Centre. We went to have a look around. First we went to the Orchid Farm and Mrs. Rita read us some of the information. Then we looked at all the lovely plants. After that we went down to a little spot in the Botanic Gardens and had morning tea.Next we took some pictures and then we went back to the Education Centre to have lunch. After that we went for a walk.
A lady took us around and introduced herself, then she explained what we were going to do. Next she took us in to the green house. It was most interesting.After we had finished we went back outside. Finally we got into the bus and returned to school. We were tired but happy.
PAST TENSE
Simple past tense is used to indicate the activity in the past. Furthermore, simple past is used for retelling successive events. So, it is commonly used in a story telling.
The formula of Simple Past Tense :
a. Without Verb :
(+) S + to be (was/were) + Obj. / Compliment
(-) S + to be (was/were) + not + Obj. / Compliment
(?) To be (was/were) + S + Obj. / Compliment + ?
Example : (+) I was at home last night
(-) I was not at home last night
(?) Was I at home last night?
b. With Verb :
(+) S + V2 + Compliment
(-) S + did + not + V1 + Compliment
(?) Did + S + V1 + Compliment + ?
Example : (+) I called him last night.
(-) I did not call him last night.
(?) Did I call him last night?
Time Signal of Simple Past Tense :
¯ Yesterday
¯ Yesterday afternoon
¯ Last night
¯ Last month
¯ Last week
¯ Last year
¯ An hour ago
¯ In 1994
The formula of Simple Past Tense :
a. Without Verb :
(+) S + to be (was/were) + Obj. / Compliment
(-) S + to be (was/were) + not + Obj. / Compliment
(?) To be (was/were) + S + Obj. / Compliment + ?
Example : (+) I was at home last night
(-) I was not at home last night
(?) Was I at home last night?
b. With Verb :
(+) S + V2 + Compliment
(-) S + did + not + V1 + Compliment
(?) Did + S + V1 + Compliment + ?
Example : (+) I called him last night.
(-) I did not call him last night.
(?) Did I call him last night?
Time Signal of Simple Past Tense :
¯ Yesterday
¯ Yesterday afternoon
¯ Last night
¯ Last month
¯ Last week
¯ Last year
¯ An hour ago
¯ In 1994
GIVING INSTRUCTION
GIVING INSTRUCTION is an expression that is used in giving orders or directions to other person to do the tasks we instruct them to do or giving imperatives to other people to do or not to do something. Giving instructions can also be called Comperative or Prohibition
Example of giving instruction :
Cia : Cici, come here please !
Cici : Ok, what's up Cia ?
Cia : Please, clean the floor !
Cici : Ok !
1. Command : Pemerintah
* Please + Verb (to)
2. Prohibition : Larangan
Dont + verb (to) + please...
example : Would you mind not + verb.ing (to)
3. Kind of giving Intruction.
*Verb 1
Example :
- Be lazy
*Don't + verb 1
-Don't drink
* No + Verb-ing.
Example of giving instruction :
Cia : Cici, come here please !
Cici : Ok, what's up Cia ?
Cia : Please, clean the floor !
Cici : Ok !
1. Command : Pemerintah
- Verb (to)
* Please + Verb (to)
2. Prohibition : Larangan
Dont + verb (to) + please...
example : Would you mind not + verb.ing (to)
3. Kind of giving Intruction.
*Verb 1
Example :
- Be lazy
*Don't + verb 1
-Don't drink
* No + Verb-ing.
Sabtu, 18 Februari 2012
Appointment
They are making appointment
So, appointment always there in your life with direction to tell someone that you will do something and can you say....
Appointment is to tell us or someone that you will definitely do something.
Appointment is to tell us or someone that you will definitely do something.
Making an Appointment
- I’d like to make an appointment with Kristian
- I want to make an appointment to see…..
- I’d like you to come and see
- Can I come and see you?
- I’ll be there
- What about….(thank you)
o All right, see you there
o No problem, I’m free on….(Thursday)
o Be there on time
o I’ll wait for you
o It’s a deal
Canceling an Appointment
• I’m terrible sorry I have to put off my appointment
• I’m sorry, I’m very busy
• I’m afraid I have to postpone my appointment with….(Dr. Stephen Tong) tomorrow morning
Changing an Appointment
• What about …..(Thursday at 04.00 p.m.)
• Is that ok, if we meet at…..
• Well, I must be off now. I’ll talk to you later!
• Could we change the schedule of the meeting?
• Do you have another time this afternoon
Selasa, 14 Februari 2012
Announcement
Announcement is something said, written, or printed to make known what has happened or (more often) what will happen.
Following points :
-The Title / type of event.
-Date / Time, place.
-Contact person
Following points :
-The Title / type of event.
-Date / Time, place.
-Contact person
Happiness expression
Happiness expression is an expression that is used to show that someone or people are glad have excited feelings.
Expressing Happiness
- I'm really happy
- I'm happy to hear that
- I'm very pleased with the news
- It gives me great pleasure
- Great ! Fantastic !
- Terrific !
Example :
MC : Congratulation, Ma'am ! You are the first winner and you deserve fifty million rupiah.
Ma'am : Am I ? Thank you very much .
MC : How do you feel Ma'am ?
Ma'am : It really gives me great pleasure ! I'm so happy !
Expressing Happiness
- I'm really happy
- I'm happy to hear that
- I'm very pleased with the news
- It gives me great pleasure
- Great ! Fantastic !
- Terrific !
Example :
MC : Congratulation, Ma'am ! You are the first winner and you deserve fifty million rupiah.
Ma'am : Am I ? Thank you very much .
MC : How do you feel Ma'am ?
Ma'am : It really gives me great pleasure ! I'm so happy !
Minggu, 12 Februari 2012
Narrative Text
Narrative text is a text that is used for the purpose of entertaining or amusing, creating ,stimulating emotions,motivating,guiding and teaching the readrs or the listeners and it usually deals with actual or vicious experience .
Narrative text such as : fable ( Mouse Deer and Crocodile ),legend/folk tables ( Sangkuriang ,Malin Kundang ),Fairy Tale ( Cinderella,Snow White ,Pinochio )
The generic of Narrative text :
Narrative text such as : fable ( Mouse Deer and Crocodile ),legend/folk tables ( Sangkuriang ,Malin Kundang ),Fairy Tale ( Cinderella,Snow White ,Pinochio )
The generic of Narrative text :
- Orientation : It sets the scene and introduces the participants ( it answer the questions = who,when,what,where )
- Evaluation : A stepping back to evaluate the plight ( the information about the narrator’s point of view ) .It’s optional.
- Complication : A crisis or a problem arises.It usually involves the main characters
- .Resulation : A solution to the problem ( for better or worse ) main characters find ways to solve the problem.
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